Establishing predictable AI liability in India

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) increasingly permeates everyday life in India, the risks of misuse and AI-driven harm are rising in parallel. This has pushed policymakers to consider how these emerging risks can be tackled through a predictable, liability-focused legal framework. A crucial first step is to identify the liability principles on which such a framework should rest. A practical approach in this regard lies in leveraging and extending India’s existing laws by stretching their interpretability to encompass AI-related harms. This article, therefore, outlines how a graded approach to liability can allocate responsibility across the AI value chain while keeping the system predictable and flexible.